footnote74
<abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr> reversed the sign of this effect size because the treatment group mean was less than the control group mean.
Parents as Teachers (PAT)®
Model effectiveness research report last updated: 2019
Effects shown in research
Child development and school readiness
Findings rated high
262
PAT Parents as First Teachers (New Zealand)
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSID Behavioral Rating Scale | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
24 month | Ohio sample | 354 children | Mean = 109.63 | Mean = 109.20 | Mean difference = 0.43 | Study reported = 0.06 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.56 |
|
| BSID Mental Development Scale | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
24 month | Ohio sample | 344 children | Mean = 96.97 | Mean = 97.75 | Mean difference = -0.78 | Study reported = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.67 |
footnote74<abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr> reversed the sign of this effect size because the treatment group mean was less than the control group mean. |
| BSID, Behavioral Rating Scale | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
36 month | Ohio sample | 342 children | Mean = 111.84 | Mean = 113.48 | Mean difference = -1.64 | Study reported = -0.14 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.20 |
footnote74<abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr> reversed the sign of this effect size because the treatment group mean was less than the control group mean. |
| CBRS, Engagement Score | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
24 month | Ohio sample | 336 children | Mean = 2.81 | Mean = 2.98 | Mean difference = -0.17 | Study reported = -0.17 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.11 |
footnote65Information on outcomes was received through communication with the authors. footnote74<abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr> reversed the sign of this effect size because the treatment group mean was less than the control group mean. |
| CBRS, Negative Affect Score | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
24 month | Ohio sample | 336 children | Mean = 4.93 | Mean = 4.93 | Mean difference = 0.00 | Study reported = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.97 |
footnote65Information on outcomes was received through communication with the authors. |
| CBRS, Positive Affect Score | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
24 month | Ohio sample | 336 children | Mean = 2.43 | Mean = 2.44 | Mean difference = -0.01 | Study reported = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.96 |
footnote65Information on outcomes was received through communication with the authors. footnote74<abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr> reversed the sign of this effect size because the treatment group mean was less than the control group mean. |
| CBRS: Involvement Score | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
24 month | Ohio sample | 330 children | Mean = 4.13 | Mean = 4.18 | Mean difference = -0.05 | Study reported = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.73 |
footnote65Information on outcomes was received through communication with the authors. footnote74<abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr> reversed the sign of this effect size because the treatment group mean was less than the control group mean. |
| KABC Simultaneous Processing Standard Score | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
36 month | Ohio sample | 331 children | Mean = 107.77 | Mean = 109.29 | Mean difference = -1.52 | Study reported = -0.11 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.30 |
|
| SSRS Parent Report | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
36 month | Ohio sample | 336 children | Mean = 103.07 | Mean = 100.37 | Mean difference = 2.70 | Study reported = 0.18 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.09 |
|
| TERA-2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
36 month | Ohio sample | 333 children | Mean = 106.12 | Mean = 105.58 | Mean difference = 0.54 | Study reported = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.72 |
|
| Bracken Basic Concept Scale composite | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
36 month | Ohio sample | 336 children | Mean = 113.47 | Mean = 112.23 | Mean difference = 1.24 | Study reported = 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.51 |
|
| Mastery Motivation – Task Competence | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
36 month | Ohio sample | 319 children | Mean = 847.98 | Mean = 841.74 | Mean difference = 6.24 | Study reported = 0.20 | Statistically significant, p = 0.05 |
|
| Mastery Motivation – Task Persistence | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
36 month | Ohio sample | 318 children | Mean = 17.30 | Mean = 16.49 | Mean difference = 0.81 | Study reported = 0.20 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.07 |
|
| Mastery Motivation – Task Pleasure | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
36 month | Ohio sample | 319 children | Mean = 0.51 | Mean = 0.52 | Mean difference = -0.01 | Study reported = -0.03 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.71 |
footnote74<abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr> reversed the sign of this effect size because the treatment group mean was less than the control group mean. |
| Q-Sort Security of Attachment | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
18 month | Ohio sample | 364 children | Mean = 34.43 | Mean = 35.46 | Mean difference = -1.03 | Study reported = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.64 |
footnote65Information on outcomes was received through communication with the authors. footnote74<abbr title="Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness">HomVEE</abbr> reversed the sign of this effect size because the treatment group mean was less than the control group mean. |
262
PAT Parents as First Teachers (New Zealand)
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSID Mental Development Index (in normal range) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 184 children | % = 67.60 | % = 69.60 | = -2.00 | Study reported = -0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| BSID Mental Development Index (mean) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 184 children | Mean = 91.00 | Mean = 92.20 | Mean difference = -1.20 | Study reported = -0.07 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| BSID Physical Development Index (in normal range) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 184 children | % = 85.70 | % = 79.80 | = 5.90 | Study reported = 0.16 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| BSID Physical Development Index (mean) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 184 children | Mean = 99.80 | Mean = 98.40 | Mean difference = 1.40 | Study reported = 0.12 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| DPII Cognitive Development Scale (at or above chronological age) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 375 children | % = 68.60 | % = 67.70 | = 0.90 | Study reported = 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| DPII Cognitive Development Scale (at or above chronological age) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 year | Northern California sample | 363 children | % = 44.80 | % = 41.20 | = 3.60 | Study reported = 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| DPII Cognitive Development Scale (mean months differential) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 375 children | Mean = 1.80 | Mean = 1.80 | Mean difference = 0.00 | Study reported = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| DPII Cognitive Development Scale (mean months differential) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 year | Northern California sample | 363 children | Mean = -0.50 | Mean = -1.10 | Mean difference = 0.60 | Study reported = 0.10 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| DPII Communication Development Scale (at or above chronological age) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 375 children | % = 82.70 | % = 74.80 | = 7.90 | Study reported = -0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote61In contrast to the study-reported results, HomVEE calculations showed this difference to be statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). The HomVEE tests of statistical significance are based on the HomVEE calculated effect sizes, whereas authors may have used other techniques to determine statistical significance, such as regression models or analyses of variance (ANOVA). |
| DPII Communication Development Scale (at or above chronological age) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 year | Northern California sample | 363 children | % = 78.60 | % = 77.10 | = 1.50 | Study reported = 0.03 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| DPII Communication Development Scale (mean months differential) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 375 children | Mean = 4.30 | Mean = 4.40 | Mean difference = -0.10 | Study reported = -0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| DPII Communication Development Scale (mean months differential) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 year | Northern California sample | 363 children | Mean = 5.40 | Mean = 5.30 | Mean difference = 0.10 | Study reported = 0.01 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| DPII Physical Development Scale (at or above chronological age) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 375 children | % = 86.40 | % = 85.20 | = 1.20 | Study reported = 0.03 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| DPII Physical Development Scale (at or above chronological age) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 year | Northern California sample | 363 children | % = 78.10 | % = 79.10 | = -1.00 | Study reported = -0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| DPII Physical Development Scale (mean months differential) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 375 children | Mean = 4.60 | Mean = 4.60 | Mean difference = 0.00 | Study reported = 0.01 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| DPII Physical Development Scale (mean months differential) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 year | Northern California sample | 363 children | Mean = 3.90 | Mean = 3.70 | Mean difference = 0.20 | Study reported = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| DPII Self-Help Development Scale (at or above chronological age) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 375 children | % = 96.40 | % = 95.50 | = 0.90 | Study reported = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| DPII Self-Help Development Scale (at or above chronological age) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 year | Northern California sample | 363 children | % = 92.90 | % = 90.80 | = 2.10 | Study reported = 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| DPII Self-Help Development Scale (mean months differential) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 375 children | Mean = 7.30 | Mean = 7.40 | Mean difference = -0.10 | Study reported = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| DPII Self-Help Development Scale (mean months differential) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 year | Northern California sample | 363 children | Mean = 13.00 | Mean = 10.80 | Mean difference = 2.20 | Study reported = 0.25 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
|
| DPII Social Development Scale (at or above chronological age) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 375 children | % = 91.60 | % = 93.20 | = -1.60 | Study reported = 0.06 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| DPII Social Development Scale (at or above chronological age) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 year | Northern California sample | 363 children | % = 83.30 | % = 73.90 | = 9.40 | Study reported = 0.23 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote61In contrast to the study-reported results, HomVEE calculations showed this difference to be statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). The HomVEE tests of statistical significance are based on the HomVEE calculated effect sizes, whereas authors may have used other techniques to determine statistical significance, such as regression models or analyses of variance (ANOVA). |
| DPII Social Development Scale (mean months differential) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 year | Northern California sample | 375 children | Mean = 4.70 | Mean = 5.80 | Mean difference = -1.10 | Study reported = -0.24 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
|
| DPII Social Development Scale (mean months differential) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 year | Northern California sample | 363 children | Mean = 7.40 | Mean = 5.90 | Mean difference = 1.50 | Study reported = 0.17 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| PPVT ator above chronological age | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 year | Northern California sample | 320 children | % = 50.00 | % = 49.20 | = 0.80 | Study reported = 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| PPVT mean months differential | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 year | Northern California sample | 320 children | Mean = 0.30 | Mean = -0.20 | Mean difference = 0.50 | Study reported = 0.06 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
Findings rated moderate
PAT Parents as First Teachers (New Zealand)
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achievement-Kaufman ABC | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
4-5 years | Binghamton, NY | 24 children | Unadjusted mean = 97.00 | Unadjusted mean = 94.00 | Mean difference = 3.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.25 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Achievement-Kaufman ABC, % Below 90 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
4-5 years | Binghamton, NY | 24 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.25 | Unadjusted mean = 0.20 | Mean difference = 0.05 | HomVEE calculated = 0.17 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Fine Motor Delays-Denver Developmental Screening Test | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
4-5 years | Binghamton, NY | 40 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.30 | Unadjusted mean = 0.50 | Mean difference = -0.20 | HomVEE calculated = -0.30 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Fine Motor Delays-Denver Developmental Screening Test, % Below Age Level | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
4-5 years | Binghamton, NY | 40 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.25 | Unadjusted mean = 0.40 | Mean difference = -0.15 | HomVEE calculated = -0.41 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Gross Motor Delays-Denver Developmental Screening Test | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
4-5 years | Binghamton, NY | 40 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.10 | Unadjusted mean = 0.90 | Mean difference = -0.80 | HomVEE calculated = -0.77 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
| Gross Motor Delays-Denver Developmental Screening Test, % Below Age Level | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
4-5 years | Binghamton, NY | 40 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.10 | Unadjusted mean = 0.45 | Mean difference = -0.35 | HomVEE calculated = 1.05 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
| Language Acquisition Quotient-Zimmerman Preschool Language Scale | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
4-5 years | Binghamton, NY | 40 children | Unadjusted mean = 107.00 | Unadjusted mean = 100.00 | Mean difference = 7.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.57 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
| Language Acquisition Quotient-Zimmerman Preschool Language Scale, % Below Age Level | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
4-5 years | Binghamton, NY | 40 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.30 | Unadjusted mean = 0.65 | Mean difference = -0.35 | HomVEE calculated = -0.80 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
| Mental Processing-Kaufman ABC | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
4-5 years | Binghamton, NY | 24 children | Unadjusted mean = 102.00 | Unadjusted mean = 94.00 | Mean difference = 8.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.62 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Mental Processing-Kaufman ABC, % Below 90 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
4-5 years | Binghamton, NY | 24 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.05 | Unadjusted mean = 0.25 | Mean difference = -0.20 | HomVEE calculated = -1.27 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
PAT Parents as First Teachers (New Zealand)
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DPII average months differential: cognitive development | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2-year assessment | Three-site sample | 266 children | Mean = 2.20 | Mean = 2.40 | Mean difference = -0.20 | Study reported = -0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| DPII average months differential: communication development | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2-year assessment | Three-site sample | 266 children | Mean = 4.90 | Mean = 4.50 | Mean difference = 0.40 | Study reported = 0.08 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| DPII average months differential: physical development | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2-year assessment | Three-site sample | 266 children | Mean = 2.90 | Mean = 3.00 | Mean difference = -0.10 | Study reported = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| DPII average months differential: self-help development | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2-year assessment | Three-site sample | 266 children | Mean = 6.10 | Mean = 6.00 | Mean difference = 0.10 | Study reported = 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| DPII average months differential: social development | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2-year assessment | Three-site sample | 266 children | Mean = 4.90 | Mean = 4.90 | Mean difference = 0.00 | Study reported = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2-year assessment | Three-site sample | 259 children | Mean = 72.30 | Mean = 70.80 | Mean difference = 1.50 | Study reported = 0.21 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
PAT Parents as First Teachers (New Zealand)
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DPII average months differential: cognitive development | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
1 year | Teen mothers sample | 236 children | Mean = 3.90 | Mean = 3.60 | Mean difference = 0.30 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| DPII average months differential: cognitive development | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 year | Teen mothers sample | 196 children | Mean = 2.60 | Mean = 2.20 | Mean difference = 0.40 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| DPII average months differential: communication development | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
1 year | Teen mothers sample | 236 children | Mean = 2.60 | Mean = 2.30 | Mean difference = 0.30 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| DPII average months differential: communication development | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 year | Teen mothers sample | 196 children | Mean = 3.50 | Mean = 3.20 | Mean difference = 0.30 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| DPII average months differential: physical development | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
1 year | Teen mothers sample | 236 children | Mean = 3.60 | Mean = 3.80 | Mean difference = -0.20 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| DPII average months differential: physical development | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 year | Teen mothers sample | 196 children | Mean = 5.60 | Mean = 5.60 | Mean difference = 0.00 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| DPII average months differential: self-help | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
1 year | Teen mothers sample | 236 children | Mean = 2.70 | Mean = 2.60 | Mean difference = 0.10 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| DPII average months differential: self-help | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 year | Teen mothers sample | 196 children | Mean = 9.00 | Mean = 9.40 | Mean difference = -0.40 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| DPII average months differential: social development | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
1 year | Teen mothers sample | 236 children | Mean = 6.10 | Mean = 6.60 | Mean difference = -0.50 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| DPII average months differential: social development | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 year | Teen mothers sample | 196 children | Mean = 7.80 | Mean = 6.80 | Mean difference = 1.00 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
PAT Parents as First Teachers (New Zealand)
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in months when child first walked 6 steps unaided | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 years | Dunedin sample | 206 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 12.90 | Unadjusted mean = 12.37 | Mean difference = 0.53 | HomVEE calculated = 0.24 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Behaviour Checklist | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 years | Dunedin sample | 208 mothers | Not available | Not available | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Denver II Assessment, Fine Motor Delay | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 years | Dunedin sample | 206 mothers | Not available | Not available | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Denver II Assessment, Gross Motor Delay | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 years | Dunedin sample | 206 mothers | Not available | Not available | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Denver II Assessment, Language Delay | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 years | Dunedin sample | 206 mothers | Not available | Not available | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Denver II Assessment, Personal Social Items | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 years | Dunedin sample | 206 mothers | Not available | Not available | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Mental Processing Composite | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 years | Dunedin sample | 158 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 59.44 | Unadjusted mean = 60.34 | Mean difference = -0.90 | HomVEE calculated = -0.09 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Sequential Processing | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 years | Dunedin sample | 158 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 22.14 | Unadjusted mean = 23.00 | Mean difference = -0.86 | HomVEE calculated = -0.16 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
PAT Parents as First Teachers (New Zealand)
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive child behaviors - imaginative play episode, attending to help | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 years | Whangarei | 163 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 2.00 | Unadjusted mean = 2.45 | Mean difference = -0.45 | HomVEE calculated = -0.13 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.41 |
| Positive child behaviors - imaginative play episode, using information | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 years | Whangarei | 163 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 1.99 | Unadjusted mean = 2.18 | Mean difference = -0.19 | HomVEE calculated = -0.09 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.58 |
| Positive child behaviors - problem solving task, total | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 years | Whangarei | 129 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 12.09 | Unadjusted mean = 11.31 | Mean difference = 0.78 | HomVEE calculated = 0.11 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.52 |
Baby FACE, an adaptation of PAT®
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boehm Test of Basic Concepts -3 Preschool, Total Score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 years |
RCT: BabyFACE vs. comparision |
67 families | Adjusted mean = 26.84 | Adjusted mean = 23.86 | MD = 2.98 | Study reported = 0.34 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.09 |
|
Boehm Test of Basic Concepts-3 Preschool - Total Score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 years |
RCT: BabyFACE vs. comparision |
67 families | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p=0.050 |
Although authors do not report the effect size, they indicate the finding is significant and favorable. Covariates included child's birth, household poverty, intergenerational living arrangement, and frequency of English spoken to children. |
Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (DECA) - Attachment |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 years |
RCT: BabyFACE vs. comparision |
66 families | Adjusted mean = 26.63 | Adjusted mean = 26.47 | MD = 0.16 | Study reported = 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.69 |
|
Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (DECA) - Attachment |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 years |
RCT: BabyFACE vs. comparision |
68 families | Adjusted mean = 26.37 | Adjusted mean = 25.90 | MD = 0.47 | Study reported = 0.15 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.26 |
|
Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (DECA) - Behavioral concerns |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 years |
RCT: BabyFACE vs. comparision |
66 families | Adjusted mean = 11.06 | Adjusted mean = 11.83 | MD = -0.77 | Study reported = -0.19 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.22 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (DECA) - Behavioral concerns |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 years |
RCT: BabyFACE vs. comparision |
68 families | Adjusted mean = 10.73 | Adjusted mean = 13.00 | MD = -2.27 | Study reported = -0.47 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.56 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (DECA) - Behavioral concerns |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 years |
RCT: BabyFACE vs. comparision |
68 families | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Statistically significant, p = 0.03 |
Negative effect is favorableNegative effect is favorable to the intervention. Although authors do not report the effect size, they indicate the finding is significant and favorable. Covariates included child's birth, household poverty, intergenerational living arrangement, and frequency of English spoken to children. |
Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (DECA) - Initiative |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 years |
RCT: BabyFACE vs. comparision |
66 families | Adjusted mean = 32.03 | Adjusted mean = 30.37 | MD = 1.66 | Study reported = 0.27 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.56 |
|
Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (DECA) - Initiative |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 years |
RCT: BabyFACE vs. comparision |
68 families | Adjusted mean = 32.35 | Adjusted mean = 30.58 | MD = 1.77 | Study reported = 1.04 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.19 |
|
Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (DECA) - Self-control |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
2 years |
RCT: BabyFACE vs. comparision |
66 families | Adjusted mean = 20.26 | Adjusted mean = 20.53 | MD = -0.27 | Study reported = -0.38 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.82 |
|
Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (DECA) - Self-control |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 years |
RCT: BabyFACE vs. comparision |
68 families | Adjusted mean = 20.42 | Adjusted mean = 20.00 | MD = 0.42 | Study reported = 0.10 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.35 |